Topic Pages

Fragile and conflict-affected countries often experience suboptimal vaccination coverage due to attacks on clinics and health workers, damaged infrastructure, and other context-specific barriers to immunization.

Immunization access and coverage vary among countries of different development levels, with middle-income countries facing a unique set of challenges that have slowed new vaccine introduction and have made it difficult to achieve high coverage of existing vaccines.

Immunization program costing data were estimated using the WHO coverage forecast for Immunization Agenda 2030. Funding gap data represent the disparity between the immunization costs and the level of immunization financing.

IVAC’s Pneumonia and Diarrhea Progress Report tracks 10 key indicators (5 of which track vaccine coverage) in the 15 countries with the highest mortality burden of pneumonia and diarrhea in children under age 5.

Cost-of-illness studies estimate the cost of pneumonia and gastro-enteritis. Immunization program costing estimate vaccine cost and immunization delivery cost.

VERSE provides a quantitative measure of immunization coverage and equity.